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Schulze, E., C. Korner, B. E. Law, H. Haberl, and S. Luyssaert. 2012. “Large-scale bioenergy from additional harvest of forest biomass is neither sustainable nor greenhouse gas neutral.” GCB Bioenergy 4: 611-616.
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 2010 A. Déclaration du Bois.
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 2010 B. Ordonnance sur la Declaration Concernant le Bois et les Produits en Bois.
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Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). LegalHarvest.
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SCS. 2010 A. LegalHarvestTM Verification: Demonstrating due care.
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SCS. 2010 B. SCS LegalHarvestTM Verification (LHV). Standard for the assessment of forests. Version 1.0.
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SCS. 2010 C. SCS LegalHarvestTM Verification (LHV). Chain of custody standard. Version 1.0.
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Seneca Creek Associates and Wood Resources International. 2004. Illegal- logging and global wood markets: The competitive impacts on the U.S. wood products industry. Assessment prepared for the American Forest and Paper Association.
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Seneca Creek Associates and Wood Resources International. 2004. Illegal logging and global wood markets: The competitive impacts on the U.S. wood products industry. Assessment prepared for the American Forest and Paper Association.
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Social Management Systems (SMS). 2007. Social Management Systems website.
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Standing Forestry Committee Ad Hoc Working Group IV on Public Procurement of Wood and Wood-based Products. 2010. Public procurement of wood and wood-based products. Report to the Standing Forestry Committee.
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Staples. 2010. Sustainable paper procurement policy.
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Stern, N. 2007. Stern review on the economics of climate change. London: HMTreasury.
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Stephenson, N.L., A.J. Das, R. Condit, R. Condit, S. E. Russo, P. J. Baker, N. G. Beckman, D. A. Coomes, E. R. Lines, W. K. Morris, N. Rüger, E. Álvarez, C. Blundo, S. Bunyavejchewin, G. Chuyong, S. J. Davies, Á. Duque, C. N. Ewango, O. Flores, J. F. Franklin, H. R. Grau, Z. Hao, M. E. Harmon, S. P. Hubbell, D. Kenfack, Y. Lin, J.-R. Makana, A. Malizia, L. R. Malizia, R. J. Pabst, N. Pongpattananurak, S.-H. Su, I-F. Sun, S. Tan, D. Thomas, P. J. van Mantgem, X. Wang, S. K. Wiser and M. A. Zavala. 2014. Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size. Nature 507, 90–93 (06 March 2014).
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Sustainable Forestry Board. 2004 (SFB). The 2003-2004 Annual Report of the Sustainable Forestry Board, Inc. Arlington, VA: SFB, Inc.
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System-Wide Program on Integrated Pest Management (SPIPM). 2007. SP-IPM in Brief; IPM Definition. .Washington DC: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
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Taconi, L., K. Obidzinski, and F. Agung. 2004. Learning lessons to promote forest certification and control illegal logging in Indonesia. CIFOR.
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Teck Wyn, L., T. Soehartono, C.H. Keong. 2004. Framing the picture: An assessment of ramin trade in Indonesia,Malaysia and Singapore. Traffic.
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The Forest Trust (TFT). Timber Trade Action Plan Legality Checklist.
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Thomson, J., and R. Kanaan. 2003. Conflict timber: Dimensions of the problem in Asia and Africa. Synthesis report. Final report submitted to the United States Agency for International Development. Arlington: Associates in Rural Development.
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Tonn, B., and G. Marland. 2006. “Carbon sequestration in wood products: a method for attribution to multiple parties.” Environmental Science & Policy 10: 162-168.
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Timber Procurement Assessment Committee (TPAC). Timber certification systems assessment.
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TPAC. 2008. Dutch procurement criteria for timber. Principles and criteria for: Sustainable forest management,chain of custody and logo use, development, application and management of certification systems, procedure on endorsement of certification systems by a meta-system.
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TPAC. 2010. Dutch timber procurement policy. Framework for evaluating evidence of compliance with timber requirements.
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Transparency International. 2011. Analysing corruption in the forestry sector: A manual.
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TTAP. 2010. TTAP Newsletter, Issue 17.
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UK TTF. 2012. UK Timber Trade Federation.
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UK TTF. 2011. UK Timber Trade Federation Code of Conduct.
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UNEP/WCMC. 2000. Contribution to an evaluation of tree species using the new CITES listing criteria.
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Unilever. 2010. Implementation guidelines to the Unilever sustainable paper and board packaging sourcing policy.
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U.S. Department of Justice. 2012. Criminal enforcement agreement between the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney’s office for the Middle District of Tennessee and Gibson Guitar Corp.Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
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United States Government, Government of the People’s Republic of China. 2008. Memorandum of understanding between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on combating illegal logging and associated trade. Washington: Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.
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United States Government, Government of the Republic of Indonesia. 2006. Memorandum of understanding between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia on combating illegal logging and associated trade. Washington: Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.
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United States Government, Government of the Republic of Peru. 2006. U.S. – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. Washington: Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Management and Scientific Authorities. CITES tree species website.
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Van der Berk, V. 2010. EU timber regulation, FLEGT VPAs, and new market requirements.
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Veit, P., R. Nshala, M. Ocheing’ Odhiambo, and J. Manyindo. 2008. Protected areas and property rights: Democratizing eminent domain in East Africa. Washington DC: World Resources Institute.
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Vidal, Natalia G. 2005. Forest company-community agreements in Mexico: Identifying successful models. Washington, DC: Forest Trends.
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Vision Paper. 2007. Vision Paper website.
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Wenming, L. 2007. China’s efforts for timber verification. Presentation at the stakeholder consultation on China and the global forest products trade. April 2007. Beijing: Forest Trends and IUCN.
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Weyerhaeuser. 2012. Wood procurement policy.
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White, G. and D. Sarshar. 2006. Responsible purchasing of forest products. Second edition. WWF/GFTN.
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Wilson, E. 2009. Company-led approaches to conflict resolution in the forest sector. The Forest Dialogue. New Haven: The Forest dialogue.
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World Bank. 2002B. Operational Policies, Definitions. Operational Policy 4.36. Annex A.Washington DC: World Bank.
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World Bank. 2006. Strengthening forest law enforcement and governance. Washington DC: World Bank.
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World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). 2013.Issue brief: Biomass Carbon Neutrality.
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World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). 2014. Facts and Trends: Fresh and Recycled Fiber Complementarity.
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World Resources Institute (WRI). 2011. Global Map of Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunities.
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World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). 1999. GM Technology in the forest sector. Gland: WWF International.
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WWF. 2007B. Global 200 Ecoregions website.
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WWF Colombia, Corporación Autónoma Regional de Risaralda, Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial de Colombia, Unión Europea, FEDEMADERAS. 2009. Pacto intersectorial por la madera legal en Colombia.
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WWF Russia. WWF Denmark. NepCon. 2007. Verifying the legal origin of Russian timber: A checklist for companies trading in Russian timber. World Wildlife Fund for Nature.
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Xerox. 2011. Paper sourcing and requirements for suppliers.
KEY SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON HIGHLIGHTED TOOLS
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Belgian Federal Government Procurement Policy
Central Point of Expertise on Timber Procurement Website – Belgian Government Procurement Policy webpage.
Federal Public Planning Service, Belgian Federal Government. 2010. Sustainable Procurement Guide website.
Service Public Federal Personnel et Organisation. 2005. Circulaire P&O/DD/2 Comportant la politique d’achat d l’autorité fédérale stimulant l’utilisation de bois provenant de forêts exploitées durablement. Brussels: Belgian Federal Government.
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Buying Sustainable Timber – A Guide for Public Purchasers in Europe
Buying Sustainable Timber – A guide for public purchasers in Europe.
Sustainable Timber Action Toolkit.
Sustainable Timber Action website. -
CEPI's Carbon Footprint Framework
Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) 2007. Framework for the Development of Carbon Footprints for Paper and Board Products. CEPI.
-
CEPI Legal Logging Code of Conduct
CEPI. 2002. Legal logging code of conduct for the paper industry. Brussels:CEPI.
-
Consumer Goods Forum Guidelines for Pulp, Paper and Packaging
Consumer Goods Forum. 2013. Consumer Goods Forum Guidelines for Pulp, Paper & Packaging.
Consumer Goods Forum website. -
CPET
Central Point of Expertise on Timber Procurement (CPET).
CPET. 2006. Criteria for evaluating certification schemes (Category A evidence). Second edition.
Oxford: CPET.CPET. 2006. Framework for evaluating Category B evidence. First edition development draft 2. Oxford: CPET.
-
Danish Government Procurement Policy
CPET. 2007. . International Policies website: Denmark.
-
Dutch Government Procurement Criteria for Timber
Timber Procurement Assessment Committee (TPAC). 2008. Dutch Procurement Criteria for Timber. Principles and Criteria. The Hague: TPAC.
CPET. 2010. Government Procurement of Timber in the Netherlands. Oxford: CPET.
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Enhancing the trade of legally produced timber, a guide to initiatives
Tropenbos Inernational website
Jinke van Dam & Herman Savenije. 2011. Enhancing the trade of legally produced timber. A guide to initiatives. Wageningen: Tropenbos International.
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Environmental Footprint Comparison Tool
-
Environmental Paper Network
Center for a New American Dream, Conservatree, CoopAmerica, Dogwood Alliance, Environmental Defense Fund, ForestEthics, the Green Press Initiative, the Markets Initiative, Natural Resources Defense Council, the Recycled Products Purchasing Cooperative. 2002. A common vision for transforming the paper industry: striving for environmental and social sustainability.
Environmental Paper Network. 2007. Social impacts of the paper industry.
Environmental Paper Network. 2007. Understanding recycled fiber.
Environmental Paper Network. 2008. Increasing paper efficiency.
-
EPAT
Environmental Paper Assessment Tool (EPAT).
Metafore, Paper Working Group. Environmentally preferable paper defined. Portland, Oregon: Metafore.
-
European Community Green Public Procurement
EC. 2004. Buying green! A handbook on environmental public procurement. Brussels: EC.
EC. 2008. Green public procurement product sheet: Copying and graphic paper. Brussels: EC.
EC. 2008. Green public procurement product sheet: furniture. Brussels: EC.
EC. 2008. Green public procurement product sheet: construction. Brussels: EC.
-
European Union Action Plan for Forest Law
Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEG), and Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPA) European Union. 2005. Council Regulation (EC) No. 2173/2005 on the Establishment of a FLEGT Licensing Scheme for Imports of Timber into the European Community. Brussels: EC.
European Commission. 2010. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) website.
Commission of the European Communities. 2003. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Proposal for an EU Action Plan. European Commission.
Chatham House. 2010. EU FLEGT: Voluntary Partnership Agreements website
European Forest Institute. 2008. Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade: the European Union approach. EFI Policy Brief.
EFI. 2010. EFI FLEGT Facility website.
-
FICAT
NCASI. Forest Industry Carbon Assessment Tool (FICAT). (registration required).
-
Forest Footprint Disclosure Project
Forest Footprint Disclosure Project. Forest Footprint Disclosure Request. Oxford: Global Canopy Program.
-
Forest Governance Learning Group (FGLG)
International Institute for Environment and Development. 2012. Forest governance learning group.
-
Forest Legality Alliance
WRI, USAID, EIA. 2010. The Forest Legality Alliance: An international initiative to support trade in legal forest products. WRI, USAID. EIA.
-
Forest Products Association of Canada: A Buyer's Guide to Canada's Sustainable Forest Products
Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC). PricewaterhouseCoopers Canada. 2008. A buyers' guide to Canada's sustainable forest products.
FPAC. PricewaterhouseCoopers Canada. 2008. Look before you buy: A buyers' guide to Canada's sustainable forest products. Media backgrounder.
-
French Government Procurement Policy
ProForest. 2007. Comparison of EU public timber procurement policies. Oxford: Proforest.
Joucla, V., and R. Risser. 2005. Presentation at the meeting: Public procurement and forest certification: Assessing the implications for policy, law and international trade. Berlin. French Ministry of Agriculture, Food, References Fisheries and Rural Affairs; French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development.
Groupe Permanent d’Etude des Marchés, Développement Durable, Environnement (GPEM/DDEN). 2005. Notice d’information sur les outils permettant de promouvoir la gestion durable des forêts dans les marchés de bois et produits dérivés. Ministère de l’Economie, des Finances et de l’Industrie. Paris: GPEM/DDEN.
Journal Officiel de la République Française. 2005. Circulaire du 5 avril 2005 portant sur les moyens à mettre en oeuvre dans les marchés publics de bois et produits dérivés pour promouvoir la gestion durable des forêts. Paris.
Simula, M. 2007. Public procurement policies for forest products and their impacts. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
-
FSC's Controlled-Wood Standard
FSC Canada - Controlled Wood.
-
GBI's Green Globes Rating System
Green Building Initiative (GBI).
GBI. 2005. Green globes assessment and rating system. Program summary and users guide.
-
German Government Procurement Policy
CPET. 2007. International Policies website: Germany.
German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. German Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture. German Federal Minister of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, and the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs. 2007. Joint instruction on the procurement of wood products and explanatory notes. Berlin:German Federal Ministry of Economics.
-
Global Forest Registry
FSC. 2007. Controlled wood. Bonn: Forest Stewardship Council.
-
Global Timber Tracking Network (GTTN)
Marius R.M. Ekué. Using DNA and Stable Isotopes Technology. The global timber tracking network (GTTN): Using DNA and stable isotopes technologies to fight illegal logging. Forest Legality Alliance Newsletter 8, July 2012. Washington DC: Forest Legality Alliance.
Rivera, R. 2011. New timber tracking tools to bolster global fight against illegal logging. CIFOR Forest News.
-
GPN
Green Purchasing Network (GPN).
Sato, H. 2002. Demand side approach and GPN in Japan. DFE Vol 4 No. 20. Japan environmental management association newsletter.
Nakahara, H. 2005. Green Purchasing Network and Its Activities. Third Expert Meeting on Sustainable Public Procurement. New York, USA 15-17 June 2005. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Division for Sustainable Development. Japanese Government Procurement Policy
-
High Conservation Value (HCV) Resource Network
-
Illegal Logging Portal
Chatham House. 2012. Illegal Logging
-
Japanese Government Procurement Policy
CPET. 2007. International Policies website: Japan.
Japanese Ministry of the Environment. 2006. Law concerning the promotion of procurement of eco-friendly goods and services by the state and other entities. Tokyo: Japan Ministry of Environment.
Japanese Ministry of the Environment. 2007. Japan's green purchasing policy: Tackling illegal logging. Tokyo: Japan Ministry of Environment.
-
LEED's Green Building Rating System
US Green Building Council. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Rating Systems website.
US Green Building Council. 2005. Green building rating system for new construction and major renovations (with revisions on environment and atmosphere in 2007). Washington DC: US Green building council.
- Madera Legal - Asociación Española del Comercio e Industria de la Madera (AEIM)
-
Mexican Federal Government Procurement Policy
Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT).
Cámara de Diputados. 2009. Ley de adquisiciones, arrendamientos y servicios del sector publico. Mexico City: Camara de Diputados.
SEMARNAT. 2007. Circular que contiene los lineamientos generales relativos a los aspectos de sostenibilidad ambiental para las adquisiciones, arrendamientos y servicios del sector público.Diario Oficial. Mexico City: SEMARNAT.
Cabrera, A. 2008. PAS: Programa de administración sustentable (Presentation). SEMARNAT.
-
NEPCon LegalSource Programme
NEPCon. 2012.NEPCon LegalSource standard. Second Draft. NEPCon.
NEPCon. 2012. The LegalSource programme. Third-party assurance of due dilligence.
-
New Zealand Government Paper Buyers Guide
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. 2008. Paper buyers guide. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of the Environment.
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. 2008. Paper buyers guide - Verification methodology.Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Environment.
-
New Zealand Timber and Wood Products Procurement Policy
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 2008. New Zealand timber and wood products procurement policy website.
Central Point of Expertise on Timber Procurement (CPET).2008. International policies: New Zealand.
-
Paper Calculator
Environmental Defense Fund. 2008. Paper Calculator frequently asked questions.
-
Paper Profile
Paper Profile Secretariat. 2005. Manual for an environmental product declaration for the pulp and paper industry - paper profile.
-
PEFC's Due Dilligence System
PEFC. 2010. PEFC Sustainable Forest Management -Requirements. PEFC STD 1003:2010.Geneva: PEFC.
-
Project LEAF
INTERPOL. 2012. INTERPOL Launches project LEAF to combat illegal logging worldwide.
INTERPOL. 2012. Project LEAF.
Kinver, M. 2012. Global alliance aims to tackle forest crime. BBC News.
-
Public Procurement Policies for Forest Products and their Impacts
Simula, M. 2006. Public procurement policies for forest products and their impacts. Rome: FAO Forest Products and Economics Division.
-
Publishers’ database for Responsible Environmental Paper Sourcing (PREPS)
PREPS. 2012. PREPS Process Document. London: PREPS.
-
SEDEX
SEDEX. 2012. Empowering sustainable and ethical supply chains. London: SEDEX.
-
SmartSource
Rainforest Alliance. 2012. SmartSource activities and requirements.
Rainforest Alliance. 2012. SmartSource: Solutions for responsible purchasing. Rainforest Alliance.
-
Standard Practice for Categorizing Wood and Wood based Products According to their Fiber Sources
American Society for Testing and Materials Standard D7612-10. 2010. Standard practice for categorizing wood and wood-based products according to their fiber sources. ASTM International.
-
String
Seidel, F. 2012. Timber tracking technologies: Review of electronic and semi-electronic timber tracking technologies and case studies. Draft report for ITTO and CITES.
-
Sustainable Finance Toolkit
PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 2010. Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit website.
PriceWaterhouseCoopers. 2010. World Business Council for Sustainable Development.Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit. Vancouver: PwC and WBCSD.
-
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) Procurement Objective
Sustainable Forestry Board. 2005. SFI interpretations, questions and answers for the 2005-2009 SFI Standard.
Sustainable Forestry Board. 2005. SFI Guidance Document 2005-2009.
Sustainable Forestry Board. 2005. SFI Program: Overview, Governance, and Historical Information.
Sustainable Forestry Board. 2005. SFI Standard 2005-2006.
-
Swiss Declaration Duty for Timber
EFI. 2010. Swiss Declaration Duty for Timber. In: EFI EU FLEGT News. October/November 2010.
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 2010. Déclaration du Bois.
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 2010. Ordonnance sur la déclaration concernant le bois et les produits en bois. Bern:Le Conseil Fédéral Suisse.
-
Timber Retail Coalition
Timber Retail Coalition. 2010. Terms of Reference.
European Retail Roundtable website.
European Retail Roundtable. Timber Retail Coalition Launched. Press Release. ERRT.
-
Timber Tracking Technologies Review
Seidel, F. 2012. Timber tracking technologies: Review of electronic and semi-electronic timber tracking technologies and case studies. Draft report for ITTO and CITES.
-
Timber Trade Action Plan
Timber Trade Action Plan (TTAP). 2008. TTAP 1 & 2 Progress report. London:TFT.
TTAP. 2007. TTAP requirements for chain of custody: requirements for the control of TTAP supply chains. Oxford: Proforest.
TTAP. 2006. Key stages for TTAP Companies: the step by step approaches to gap assessments and chain of custody systems for TTAP companies. London:TFT.
-
UK Timber Trade Federation (TTF) Responsible Purchasing Policy
UK TTF. 2004. Responsible Purchasing Policy - Background Document. London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2004. Responsible Purchasing Policy. Summary. London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2006. Responsible Purchasing Policy. Annual Management Report (RPP-T7). London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2006. Responsible Purchasing Policy. Frequently Asked Questions. London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2006. Responsible Purchasing Policy. Supplier Questionnaire (RPP-T4). London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2006. Responsible Purchasing Policy - Supplier Risk Assessment (RPP-T5). London: TTF.
UK TTF. 2006. Responsible Purchasing Policy - Preliminary Screening Matrix (RPP-T2). London: TTF.
-
The Forest Trust
TFT. 2008. TFT Members' handbook. Crassier, Switzerland:TFT.
-
Tropical Forest Trust's (TFT). Good Wood. Good Business guide
Poynton, S. 1996. Good Wood. Good Business. Gland, Switzerland: Tropical Forest Trust.
-
TwoSides
-
Wood for Good Campaign
Wood for good. How to reduce climate change.Fact Sheet number 8. Wood for Good campaign.
-
WWF/GFTN
ProForest. 2005. A Review of Responsible Purchasing Initiatives in the Wood and Paper Sector.Oxford: Proforest.
White G. and D. Sarshar. 2004. Responsible Purchasing of Forest Products. World Wide Fund for Nature. Global Forest and Trade Network.
-
WWF’s Guide to Buying Paper
WWF. 2007. The WWF Guide to Buying Paper. WWF International.
-
WWF's Paper Scorecard
WWF. 2007. The WWF Paper Scorecard Manual. WWF International.